Grammar & Punctuation – Optional adverbials.
More often an adverbial is not essential to the grammar of the clause it is in. In each case of the sentences that follow the adverbial is in bold type.…
Grammar & Punctuation – Clause components – Adverbial.
There remains one clause component that is much less straightforward: adverbials. These are words or phrases that answer question such as:  Where? Here down the road  When? Later…
Grammar & Punctuation – Clause components- Subject+verb+object+complement.
Subject+verb+object+complement. It is also possible to have part of a clause that completes the object: SUBJECT VERB OBJECT COMPLEMENT The company made Peter Smithson Managing Director. This made his wife…
Grammar & Punctuation – Clause components- Subject+verb+object.
Subject+verb+object. If there is an object, it normally follows the verb. It refers to a different person or thing from the subject. Frequently that person or thing is affected by…
Grammar & Punctuation – Clause components- Subject+verb+complement.
Subject+verb+complement. A small number of verbs are followed not by an object, but by a complement. The commonest of these verbs is be. For example: SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT I am…
Punctuation – Clause components.
Clauses can contain five different components: Subject. Verb. Object. Complement. Adverbial. Subject+verb. The simplest pattern for a clause is a subject followed by a verb. The subject tells us what…
Grammar & Punctuation – Types of Sentence.
We can use sentences for four main purposes in communication:  To make a statement: That car is travelling very fast.  To ask a question: Is that car breaking…
Grammar & Punctuation – Changing words.
So far we have looked at four grammatical levels: sentence, clause, phrase, word. There is just one more we need to be aware of. Some words can change their form…