Putting words into classes like this tells us a lot about how words are used, but it doesn’t tell us much about how sentences are constructed. To do that we need to look at sentences in a different way. We do this by looking for patterns in the way that sentences are constructed. For example, we can see that these two sentences follow a similar pattern:
Martin likes Football.
Mary writes books.
If we think a bit, we can see that the sentence below follows a similar pattern, even though it is longer:
Our friends at number 29 are visiting their relatives in Australia.
We can see this more clearly if we set the sentences out in a table:
A B C Martin Likes Football.
Mary writes books.
Our friends at are visiting their relatives in Australia number 29
The first thing to notice is that each cell in the table can contain one word (e.g. likes) or a group of words (e.g. are visiting). But each cell contains a word or words that have a particular job to do in the sentence. The first cell tells us what the sentence is going to be about; it contains the SUBJECT of the sentence. The second cell provides in formation about what the subject does by giving us a VERB. The third then provides further information by giving us an OBJECT; it tells us, for example, what Mary writes.
Each of the sentences above contains three sentence components: subject, verb, object:
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Mary writes books.
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